A Copy of the Page Buffer Is Stored in the Physical-Log Buffer

If the before-image of a modified page is stored in the physical-log buffer, it is eventually flushed from the physical-log buffer to the physical log on disk. If the same page is modified again before the next checkpoint, it does not require another before-image to be stored in the physical-log buffer. (Fuzzy operations do not physically log before-images of pages.) The before-image of the page plays a critical role in restoring data and fast recovery. For more details, see Physical-Log Buffer.