Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2
Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2
This document describes the files used to configure the Apache HTTP server.
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Apache is configured by placing directives in plain text
configuration files. The main configuration file is usually called
httpd.conf. The location of this file is set at
compile-time, but may be overridden with the -f
command line flag. In addition, other configuration files may be
added using the Include
directive, and wildcards can be used to include many configuration
files. Any directive may be placed in any of these configuration
files. Changes to the main configuration files are only
recognized by Apache when it is started or restarted.
The server also reads a file containing mime document types;
the filename is set by the TypesConfig directive,
and is mime.types by default.
Apache configuration files contain one directive per line. The back-slash "\" may be used as the last character on a line to indicate that the directive continues onto the next line. There must be no other characters or white space between the back-slash and the end of the line.
Directives in the configuration files are case-insensitive, but arguments to directives are often case sensitive. Lines that begin with the hash character "#" are considered comments, and are ignored. Comments may not be included on a line after a configuration directive. Blank lines and white space occurring before a directive are ignored, so you may indent directives for clarity.
You can check your configuration files for syntax errors
without starting the server by using apachectl
configtest or the -t command line
option.
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Apache is a modular server. This implies that only the most
basic functionality is included in the core server. Extended
features are available through modules which can be loaded
into Apache. By default, a base set of modules is
included in the server at compile-time. If the server is
compiled to use dynamically loaded
modules, then modules can be compiled separately and added at
any time using the LoadModule
directive.
Otherwise, Apache must be recompiled to add or remove modules.
Configuration directives may be included conditional on a
presence of a particular module by enclosing them in an <IfModule> block.
To see which modules are currently compiled into the server,
you can use the -l command line option.
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Directives placed in the main configuration files apply to
the entire server. If you wish to change the configuration for
only a part of the server, you can scope your directives by
placing them in <Directory>, <DirectoryMatch>, <Files>, <FilesMatch>, <Location>, and <LocationMatch>
sections. These sections limit the application of the
directives which they enclose to particular filesystem
locations or URLs. They can also be nested, allowing for very
fine grained configuration.
Apache has the capability to serve many different websites
simultaneously. This is called Virtual
Hosting. Directives can also be scoped by placing them
inside <VirtualHost>
sections, so that they will only apply to requests for a
particular website.
Although most directives can be placed in any of these sections, some directives do not make sense in some contexts. For example, directives controlling process creation can only be placed in the main server context. To find which directives can be placed in which sections, check the Context of the directive. For further information, we provide details on How Directory, Location and Files sections work.
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Apache allows for decentralized management of configuration
via special files placed inside the web tree. The special files
are usually called .htaccess, but any name can be
specified in the AccessFileName
directive. Directives placed in .htaccess files
apply to the directory where you place the file, and all
sub-directories. The .htaccess files follow the
same syntax as the main configuration files. Since
.htaccess files are read on every request, changes
made in these files take immediate effect.
To find which directives can be placed in
.htaccess files, check the Context of the
directive. The server administrator further controls what
directives may be placed in .htaccess files by
configuring the AllowOverride
directive in the main configuration files.
For more information on .htaccess files, see
the .htaccess tutorial.
