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Contents

About This Manual

Software Dependencies

Assumptions About Your Locale

Demonstration Database

New Features in Dynamic Server, Version 9.4

Documentation Conventions

Typographical Conventions

Feature, Product, and Platform

Syntax Diagrams

Example Code Conventions

Additional Documentation

Installation Guides

Informix Error Messages

Related Reading

Compliance with Industry Standards

IBM Welcomes Your Comments

Basics of Database Design and Implementation

Planning a Database

Choosing a Data Model for Your Database

Using ANSI-Compliant Databases

Differences Between ANSI-Compliant and Non-ANSI-Compliant Databases

Determining if an Existing Database Is ANSI Compliant

Using a Customized Language Environment for Your Database (GLS)

Building a Relational Data Model

Building a Data Model

Overview of the Entity-Relationship Data Model

Identifying and Defining Principal Data Objects

Discovering Entities

Defining the Relationships

Identifying Attributes

Diagramming Data Objects

Reading E-R Diagrams

Telephone Directory Example

Translating E-R Data Objects into Relational Constructs

Defining Tables, Rows, and Columns

Determining Keys for Tables

Resolving Relationships

Resolving m:n Relationships

Resolving Other Special Relationships

Normalizing a Data Model

First Normal Form

Second Normal Form

Third Normal Form

Summary of Normalization Rules

Choosing Data Types

Defining the Domains

Choosing a Data Type

Chronological Data Types

BOOLEAN Data Type (IDS)

Character Data Types (GLS)

Check Constraints

Referential Constraints

Implementing a Relational Data Model

Creating the Database

Using CREATE DATABASE

Using CREATE TABLE

Using CREATE INDEX

Using Synonyms with Table Names

Using Synonym Chains

Using Command Scripts

Populating the Database

Moving Data from Other Informix Databases

Loading Source Data into a Table

Performing Bulk-Load Operations

Managing Databases

Table Fragmentation Strategies

What Is Fragmentation?

Why Use Fragmentation?

Whose Responsibility Is Fragmentation?

Enhanced Fragmentation (XPS)

Fragmentation and Logging

Distribution Schemes for Table Fragmentation

Expression-Based Distribution Scheme

Round-Robin Distribution Scheme

Range Distribution Scheme (XPS)

System-Defined Hash Distribution Scheme (XPS)

Hybrid Distribution Scheme (XPS)

Creating a Fragmented Table

Creating a New Fragmented Table

Creating a Fragmented Table from Nonfragmented Tables

Rowids in a Fragmented Table

Fragmenting Smart Large Objects (IDS)

Modifying Fragmentation Strategies

Reinitializing a Fragmentation Strategy

Modifying Fragmentation Strategies for Dynamic Server

Modifying Fragmentation Strategies for XPS

Granting and Revoking Privileges from Fragments (IDS)

Granting and Limiting Access to Your Database

Using SQL to Restrict Access to Data

Controlling Access to Databases

Granting Privileges

Database-Level Privileges

Ownership Rights

Table-Level Privileges

Column-Level Privileges

Type-Level Privileges

Routine-Level Privileges

Language-Level Privileges

Automating Privileges

Determining Current Role at Runtime

Using SPL Routines to Control Access to Data

Restricting Data Reads

Restricting Changes to Data

Monitoring Changes to Data

Restricting Object Creation

Restrictions on Views

Modifying with a View

Privileges and Views

Privileges When Creating a View

Privileges When Using a View

Using Distributed Queries

Overview of Distributed Queries

Coordinator and Participant in a Distributed Query

Configuring the Database Server to Use Distributed Queries

The Syntax of a Distributed Query

Accessing a Remote Server and Database

Valid Statements for Accessing Remote Objects

Accessing Remote Tables

Other Remote Operations

Monitoring Distributed Queries

Server Environment and Distributed Queries

PDQPRIORITY Environment Variable

DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT

Database Access Restrictions

Transaction Processing

Isolation Levels

DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT and SET LOCK MODE

Two-phase Commit and Recovery

Cross Server Compatibility Issues (XPS)

BYTE and TEXT Data Types

Other Restrictions

Object-Relational Databases

Creating and Using Extended Data Types in Dynamic Server

Informix Data Types

Fundamental or Atomic Data Types

Predefined Data Types

Extended Data Types

Smart Large Objects

Using Smart Large Objects

Copying Smart Large Objects

Complex Data Types

Collection Data Types

Named Row Types

Unnamed Row Types

Understanding Type and Table Inheritance in Dynamic Server

What Is Inheritance?

Type Inheritance

Defining a Type Hierarchy

Overloading Routines for Types in a Type Hierarchy

Inheritance and Type Substitutability

Dropping Named Row Types from a Type Hierarchy

Table Inheritance

The Relationship Between Type and Table Hierarchies

Defining a Table Hierarchy

Inheritance of Table Behavior in a Table Hierarchy

Modifying Table Behavior in a Table Hierarchy

SERIAL Types in a Table Hierarchy

Adding a New Table to a Table Hierarchy

Dropping a Table in a Table Hierarchy

Altering the Structure of a Table in a Table Hierarchy

Querying Tables in a Table Hierarchy

Creating a View on a Table in a Table Hierarchy

Creating and Using User-Defined Casts in Dynamic Server

What Is a Cast?

Creating User-Defined Casts

Restrictions on User-Defined Casts

Casting Row Types

Casting Between Named and Unnamed Row Types

Casting Between Unnamed Row Types

Casting Between Named Row Types

Using Explicit Casts on Fields

Casting Individual Fields of a Row Type

Casting Collection Data Types

Restrictions on Collection-Type Conversions

Collections with Different Element Types

Converting Relational Data to a MULTISET Collection

Casting Distinct Data Types

Using Explicit Casts with Distinct Types

Casting Between a Distinct Type and Its Source Type

Adding and Dropping Casts on a Distinct Type

Casting to Smart Large Objects

Creating Cast Functions for User-Defined Casts

An Example of Casting Between Named Row Types

An Example of Casting Between Distinct Data Types

Multilevel Casting

Dimensional Databases

Building a Dimensional Data Model

Overview of Data Warehousing

Why Build a Dimensional Database?

What Is Dimensional Data?

Concepts of Dimensional Data Modeling

Dimensions of the Data Model

Building a Dimensional Data Model

Choosing a Business Process

Summary of a Business Process

Determining the Granularity of the Fact Table

Identifying the Dimensions and Hierarchies

Choosing the Measures for the Fact Table

Resisting Normalization

Choosing the Attributes for the Dimension Tables

Handling Common Dimensional Data-Modeling Problems

Minimizing the Number of Attributes in a Dimension Table

Handling Dimensions That Occasionally Change

Using the Snowflake Schema

Implementing a Dimensional Database (XPS)

Implementing the sales_demo Dimensional Database

Using CREATE DATABASE

Using CREATE TABLE for the Dimension and Fact Tables

Mapping Data from Data Sources to the Database

Loading Data into the Dimensional Database

Creating the sales_demo Database

Testing the Dimensional Database

Logging and Nonlogging Tables in Extended Parallel Server

Choosing Table Types

Switching Between Table Types

Indexes for Data-Warehousing Environments

Using GK Indexes in a Data-Warehousing Environment

Defining a GK Index on a Selection

Defining a GK Index on an Expression

Defining a GK Index on Joined Tables

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